留学生必备！雅思长难句解析第27期：综合版精讲

大家好，我是你们的老朋友小留。今天咱们继续来聊一聊雅思考试中的长难句解析。相信很多小伙伴在备考过程中都遇到过这样的问题：明明单词都认识，但就是看不懂句子的意思。这不怪你，因为雅思考试中的长难句确实让人头大。不过别担心，今天我们就一起来攻克这些难关，让你在考试中更加游刃有余。

1. 长难句的常见结构

首先，我们来看看长难句的常见结构。一般来说，长难句无非就是通过各种从句、插入语、同位语等方式将简单句变得复杂。比如，定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等等。这些从句就像一个个小尾巴，挂在主句后面，让句子变得更加丰富。但是，如果你不熟悉这些结构，就会感到非常头疼。

举个例子吧，来看这个句子：

The theory, which has been widely discussed and debated in academic circles, suggests that the development of language is closely linked to the evolution of human cognition.

这句话中，“which has been widely discussed and debated in academic circles”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的“theory”。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“The theory suggests that the development of language is closely linked to the evolution of human cognition.”这样是不是就简单多了？所以，学会识别和理解这些从句，是破解长难句的关键。

2. 定语从句的解析

定语从句是长难句中最常见的结构之一。它通常用来修饰名词或代词，相当于一个形容词的作用。定语从句的引导词主要有that、which、who、whom、whose等。我们来看一个具体的例子：

A recent study, which was conducted by a team of international researchers, found that students who study abroad tend to have better job prospects after graduation.

在这个句子中，“which was conducted by a team of international researchers”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的“study”。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“A recent study found that students who study abroad tend to have better job prospects after graduation.”这样是不是就容易理解多了？

再来看一个稍微复杂一点的例子：

The professor, whose research focuses on the impact of technology on education, gave a lecture on the future of online learning.

这里的“whose research focuses on the impact of technology on education”也是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的“professor”。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“The professor gave a lecture on the future of online learning.”是不是简洁了很多？

3. 状语从句的解析

状语从句也是长难句中常见的结构之一。它通常用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的等。状语从句的引导词主要有when、where、because、if、so that等。我们来看一个具体的例子：

If you want to improve your writing skills, you should practice writing regularly and seek feedback from experienced writers.

在这个句子中，“If you want to improve your writing skills”就是一个条件状语从句，用来表示条件。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“You should practice writing regularly and seek feedback from experienced writers.”虽然意思还是清楚的，但缺少了条件的部分，显得不够完整。

再来看一个稍微复杂一点的例子：

Although the cost of living in big cities is high, many young people still choose to live there because they believe it offers more opportunities for career growth.

这里的“Although the cost of living in big cities is high”是一个让步状语从句，用来表示尽管存在某个不利条件，但仍然做出了某种选择。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“Many young people still choose to live there because they believe it offers more opportunities for career growth.”虽然意思还是清楚的，但缺少了让步的部分，显得不够全面。

4. 同位语从句的解析

同位语从句是用来对前面的名词进行补充说明的从句。它通常用来解释或说明前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句的引导词主要有that、whether、how等。我们来看一个具体的例子：

The question whether we should continue to invest in renewable energy has sparked intense debate among policymakers.

在这个句子中，“whether we should continue to invest in renewable energy”就是一个同位语从句，用来解释前面的“question”的具体内容。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“The question has sparked intense debate among policymakers.”虽然意思还是清楚的，但缺少了具体的问题，显得不够明确。

再来看一个稍微复杂一点的例子：

The belief that climate change is primarily caused by human activities has gained widespread acceptance in the scientific community.

这里的“that climate change is primarily caused by human activities”也是一个同位语从句，用来解释前面的“belief”的具体内容。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“The belief has gained widespread acceptance in the scientific community.”虽然意思还是清楚的，但缺少了具体的信念，显得不够完整。

5. 实战演练：长难句练习

光说不练假把式，接下来我们来做几个实战演练，看看你是否掌握了这些技巧。下面是一些长难句的例子，你可以试着自己分析一下，然后再看我的解析。

例句1：

The government’s decision, which was announced last week, to increase funding for public schools has been met with mixed reactions from parents and educators.

解析：这句话中，“which was announced last week”是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的“decision”。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“The government’s decision to increase funding for public schools has been met with mixed reactions from parents and educators.”这样是不是就容易理解多了？

例句2：

Despite the challenges faced by international students, such as cultural differences and language barriers, many of them succeed in achieving their academic goals and building successful careers.

解析：这里的“Despite the challenges faced by international students, such as cultural differences and language barriers”是一个让步状语从句，用来表示尽管存在某些挑战，但国际学生仍然能够取得成功。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“Many of them succeed in achieving their academic goals and building successful careers.”虽然意思还是清楚的，但缺少了背景信息，显得不够全面。

例句3：

The belief that higher education is essential for personal and professional success has become deeply ingrained in modern society.

解析：这里的“that higher education is essential for personal and professional success”是一个同位语从句，用来解释前面的“belief”的具体内容。如果去掉这个从句，句子就变成了“The belief has become deeply ingrained in modern society.”虽然意思还是清楚的，但缺少了具体的信念，显得不够完整。